Hi @dierkes-j, welcome to dask community,
There is currently no way to have dask-jobqueue start a new job for each task. This is clearly not the design goal of Dask and hence dask-jobqueue.
A need close to this one has been discussed in Restart cluster job on task completion · Issue #597 · dask/dask-jobqueue · GitHub.
There are also other tools like GitHub - facebookincubator/submitit: Python 3.8+ toolbox for submitting jobs to Slurm who might be better suited for this.